Unit+2

Unit 2: Feed Gas Receiving, Dew Point Control, Refrigeration

Reading Assignment Please take some time and read Chapters 2-3, pgs 23-49 in your book (Plant Processing of Natural Gas).

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4 Main Sectors: Production, Processing, Transmission, and Distribution >> > Requires gas to be pressurized- compressor stations needed. In addition metering stations are needed
 * Production: Seismology
 * Gas Trap- contains 3 kinds of rock; Source rock, reservoir rock, and cap rock
 * Rotary Drilling: Vertical, Directional, and Horizontal
 * Proper Casing and well head equipment is installed
 * "Dry Well"
 * Processing: removal of hydrocarbons, fluids, Hydrogen Sulfide H2S, Carbon Dioxide CO2
 * Transmission: movement after processing is complete- Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline
 * Distribution: Most consumers receive gas from LDC local distribution company
 * lower volumes of gas under lower pressures

__Natural Gas Facts__:
 * 24% of United States Energy 175 - 180 million customers
 * 85% of Natural gas is produced domestically
 * 15% of Natural Gas is produced in Canada
 * U.S. has about one fourth of the world's natural gas production



__Natural gas Industry...... __
 * 125 natural gas pipeline companies
 * 290,000 natural gas well heads
 * Over 1200 natural gas distribution companies
 * 217,000 miles of Interstate pipelines
 * 89,000 miles of Intrastate pipelines

 __Raw Feed Gas__ - Requires extensive treatment and processing but each well is unique so protocols are different for each gas source
 * Oil and condensate removal
 * Water removal
 * Separation of natural gas from natural gas liquids
 * Sulfer and Carbon Dioxide removal
 * Removal of mercury, oxygen, BETX, toluene, and xylenes

Feed Gas oftain can contain: Hydrocarbon liquids, aqueous liquids (wet), hydrocarbon and acidic gases (sour), entrained solids.
 * Chemicals are often injected to prevent corrosion of equipment, formation of hydrates or solids within the system = glycol, methanol
 * Dew Point Control upstream helps to determine whether gas is Wet of Dry.

__First Treatment Unit__ = "feed" gas receiving system (fig. 2.3 pg 24) Separates feed gas into thre main components: __Second Treatment Unit__ = Condensate Stabilization System
 * Gases
 * Aqueous liquid
 * Hydrocarbon liquids
 * These can then be further treated "downstream"
 * "Condensate" is typically a light hydrocarbon liquid mixture of propane, butane, and heavier hydrocarbon compnents with minimal methane or ethane
 * Accomplished by a "Stabilization Column" (pg. 19) " Bubble Cap" or "Trays"
 * Removes dissolved methane, ethane and propane from hydrocarbon liquid (feed condensate fig. 2.4 pg.) coming from feed gas reception unit.
 * Must meet condensate product requirements and also for further processing downstream

__Pigging__
 * Unless pipelines are constructed to be "dry" liquids will accumulate in them. Requires periodic "pigging" to remove the collected liquids. Remember compressors don't like liquids!
 * Pigs and Pig Receivers ( pg. 29) are used to move liquids to "Slug Catchers" (pp. 30 and 31) which collect the "liquids" (seral weeks worth) which may be reprocessed using "Feed Gas Heaters" and "Separators"

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__Feed Gas Heaters__ > Maintains minimum Feed Gas temperature for processing equipment
 * Prevent Hydrate Formation
 * Prevent Condensate Formation
 * Raises feed gas temperatures for the "gas treatment unit"

[|Separators] Allow for separation of solids, liquids and entrained gases

__<span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;">Propane Refrigeration __ <span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">4 Steps in a Refrigeration System Cycle
 * 1) <span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Expansion
 * 2) <span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Evaporation
 * 3) <span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Compression
 * 4) <span style="color: black; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Condensation

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Your assignment for unit 2 is to answer the following questions. Using Times Roman Font size 12, type your answers to the following questions. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">*This assignment is worth a total of 20 pts.
 * 1) Does the composition of well head feed gas affect the sequence in which process plant is configured or designed? Explain your answer
 * 2) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Would problems in the feed gas receiving unit affect the types of processing units in a gas processing plant? Explain your answer
 * 3) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Within a natural gasprocess plant how is dew point controlled?
 * 4) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">What adverse effects could occur if dew point is not properly controlled within a gas processing plant ?
 * 5) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;; font-size: 190%;">Why is refrigeration important in the operation of a gas process plant?